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Home > Clinical Concepts
Making Sense of Pain Research [Series]
Getting Started; Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD; March 18, 2011.
A Hierarchy of Evidence; Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD; March 25, 2011. See details>
When Bad Things Happen to Good Research; Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD; April 1, 2011. See details>
The Problem with P-Values; Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD; April 15, 2011. See details>
Helping to Determine Clinical Significance; Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD; May 1, 2011. See details>
Understanding RR, RRR, ARR, & NNT; Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD; May 20,2011. See details>
Beware of Odds Posing as Risks; Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD; June 7, 2011. See details>
Precision, Accuracy, & Significance of Mean Values; Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD; July 22, 2011. See details>
Why Size Really Does Matter; Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD; August 10, 2011. See details>
Interpreting Effect Sizes in Pain Research Data; Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD; December 17, 2011. See details>
This Microsoft® Word® document file contains all UPDATES articles in the series to date for easy viewing and printing. Plus, all links in the document are active for easy access to additional resources. See details and download doc file>
Current Comments
By: Lynn R. Webster, MD, FACPM, FASAM, with Beth Dove; Pain Treatment Topics, August 2011. See details...>
By: Peggy Compton, RN, PhD, Pain Treatment Topics, August 2008.
By: Forest Tennant, MD, DrPH, Pain Treatment Topics, June 2008.
By: Stephen Colameco, MD, MEd, Pain Treatment Topics, April 2008.
By: Peggy Compton, RN, PhD, Pain Treatment Topics, January 2008.
Howard Hughes & Pseudoaddiction [A saga of intractable pain.] By: Forest Tennant, MD, DrPH. By permission from Practical Pain Management. 2007(Jul/Aug);7(6). See details...>
By: Penelope P. Ziegler, MD, FASAM, Pain Treatment Topics, July 2007. See details...>
By: Forest Tennant, MD, DrPH; Pain Treatment Topics, May 2007.
INNOVATIONS in Pain Treatment
By: Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD, Pain Treatment Topics, March 2009. Opioid Antagonists in Pain Management [Journal Article] By: Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD, Practical Pain Management, 2009(April);9(3):10-21. See details for both articles...>
Vitamin D for Chronic Pain [Journal Article] By: Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD, Practical Pain Management, 2008(Jul/Aug);8(6):24-42. See details...>
By: Stewart B. Leavitt, MA, PhD, Pain Treatment Topics, June 2008. Vitamin D – A Neglected ‘Analgesic’ for Musculoskeletal Pain See details on all documents...>
Overview - Pain Management & Treatment
ACPA Guide to Pain Medications & Treatment - 2011 From: American Chronic Pain Association (ACPA); updated 2011.
Current Treatments In the Management of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain 2009 By: Louis Kuritzky, MD, George P. Samraj, MD, Charles E. Argoff, MD. Pain Medicine News. 2009(Aug);7(8). See details…>
Which Analgesics Work Best? What Do They Cost? From: Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs, 2005-2008. See details...>
Antidepressant Agents for the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Depression By: Michael W. Jann, PharmD and Julian H. Slade, PharmD. Posted at Medscape, 2008 [from Pharmacotherapy. 2007;27(11):1571-1587].
Pain Management: The Online Series From: American Medical Association; 2007. See details...>
Translating Science Into the Art of Acute Pain Management By: Sharon M. Gordon, DDS, MPH, PhD. Compendium. 2007(May).
The PainEDU.org Manual: A Pocket Guide to Pain Management By: Lynette A. Menefee Pujol, PhD, Nathaniel P. Katz, MD, Kevin L. Zacharoff, MD; from Inflexxion, Inc.; 2007 (3rd ed.). See details...>
Neuropathic Pain: A Practical Guide for the Clinician By: Gilron I, Watson CPN, Cahill CM, et al. Canadian Medical Association Journal; 2006(Aug). See details...>
PAIN: Current Understanding of Assessment, From: American Pain Society; June 2006. See details...>
Pain & Disability Assessment Tools
Pain-Assessment & Monitoring Tools From: Partners Against Pain®. Reviewed July 2011. See details…> > Pain Assessment Scales
From: American Society for Pain Management Nursing [Pain Management Nursing. 2011(Dec);12(4):230-250]. See details...>
Verbal Descriptor Scale (Pain Thermometer) From: GeriatricPain.org; Center for Nursing Excellence in Long-Term Care. Reviewed July 2011. See details…>
New Developments in the Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia Syndrome: Say Goodbye to Tender Points? By: Wilke WS. Cleveland Clinic J Med. 2009:76(6):345-352.
Tools for Assessing Neuropathic Pain By: Giorgio Cruccu, Andrea Truini; PLoS Medicine; 2009;6(4).
DASH – Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, & Hand From: Institute for Work & Health (IWH). Reviewed December 2008.
Assessing Obstructive Sleep Apnea Potential, Which May Affect Opioid Risk (Snore Score) From: American Sleep Apnea Association. 2007. See details...>
Pain Intensity Scales Used by the National Institutes of Health From: NIH Pain Consortium. Reviewed 2007. See details...>
Pain Rating Scales For Children From: Texas Children's Cancer Center. See details...>
Faces Scales for the Self-Report of Pain Intensity Selected websites provide scripts for use with faces pain rating scales in a wide variety of languages. See details...>
Multi-Language NUMERICAL Pain Rating Scales Two websites provide options for downloading a Numerical pain rating scale in 18 languages. See details...>
The Assessment of Pain in Older People From: Royal College of Physicians of London. October 2007.
Assessing Pain in Older Adults With Dementia From: John A. Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing and the Alzheimer's Association. Revised 2007. See details...>
Neuropathic Pain Scale From: PainEdu.com. 2006. See details...>
Pain, Suffering, and Spiritual Assessment From: City of Hope. 2006. See details...>
Pain Drawing From: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2001. See details...>
Migraine Disability Assessment Test (MIDAS) From: Varied sources: 2 adult versions, 1 pediatric version. See details...>
Aberdeen Low Back Pain Scale From: Provided by the Centre for Evidence Based Physiotherapy in the Netherlands; developed by researchers from the University of Aberdeen and the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary of Scotland. 1994. See details...>
Dallas Pain Questionnaire From: Osteoarthritis Research Society International; Colorado Rehabilitation & Occupational Medicine. See details...>
Sheehan Disability Scale From: Center for Quality Assessment & Improvement in Mental Health. See details...>
Psychosocial Pain Assessment From: City of Hope. See details...>
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) From: MD Anderson Cancer Center. See details...>
Neck Pain Disability Index Questionnaire From: Osteoarthritis Research Society International. See details...>
Special Clinical Tools for Assessing Opioid Risks
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This page was last updated 2/3/12 |
This section of Pain Treatment Topics brings together, analyzes, and discusses the various elements that play vital roles in effective clinical pain management. Included here are interviews and commentary, survey results, clinical tools, and other helpful resources. However, Pain Treatment Topics does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations for particular patients and professional discretion in the clinical application of these resources is advised. See also, 
= entry added or changed during latest update.
= exlusive offering from Pain Treatment Topics. 
Making sense of research for pain practice can be difficult, so articles in this section provide answers for practitioners and patients. Medical research can be a messy endeavor in which nothing is actually proved and no absolute, irrevocable truths are discovered. Healthcare professionals usually have had little if any specific training in evaluating research and this series helps to close the education gap, teaching how to understand and interpret the often mysterious and complex language of research to assess its validity.
View all details listings <
This section provides commentary on a variety of important subjects from experts in the pain management and/or addiction treatment fields. The viewpoints and opinions expressed are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of Pain Treatment Topics, our sponsors, or affiliate organizations.
Understandings of pain and its clinical management are constantly changing. Resources in this section report on new clinical treatments for pain as well as new applications of existing therapies. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments are explored and, when possible, recommendations for their application in daily clinical practice are provided. These topics would be of interest and importance for all healthcare providers and their patients.
Documents in this section examine pain mechanisms and diagnosis, barriers to effective management, and treatment strategies and planning. Various treatment modalities may be considered, including: pharmacologic, non-pharmacotherapies, surgery, and other interventions. In some cases, criteria for measuring successful outcomes and patient monitoring practices are presented.
For more specific information, also see the Pain Disorders sections:
Pain scales and checklists offered in this section are useful for clinically assessing how intensely patients are feeling pain and for monitoring the effectiveness of treatments at different points in time. These essential tools for pain management practice are variously designed for different age groups, as well as individuals who do not speak English and/or cannot verbalize responses.
Apart from tools for evaluating pain, other properly validated and applied tools can help in assessing current or potential risks of drug abuse, misuse, addiction, or diversion associated with prescribed opioid analgesics.
